Earthquakes Essays (1532 words) - Plate Tectonics, Subduction

Quakes Quakes Depict the recurrence, starting point and dispersion of quakes at mid-sea edges, sea bowls, subduction zones and mainland shields. Quakes are going on practically ordinary everywhere throughout the world. More often than not seismic tremors are not sufficient to be felt by individuals, however the shaking brought about by a seismic tremor is recorded by a seismogram. These are found everywhere throughout the world at various focuses. Just once in a while will a bigger greatness seismic tremor strike and cause harm to the locale. Around the globe there are numerous issues, depending where these issues are plays a central point in figuring out where a quake will occur. It is these issues that are the purpose behind quakes. The kind of issue will likewise decide how regularly a quake will occur. A mid-sea edge happens under the ocean at a unique limit. This is the place two plates are been pulled separated in view of strain. This at that point permits new maritime outside layer to be made in the dissimilar limit, as magma rises and in the long run sets on the ocean bottom. On the off chance that the plates on either side of the dissimilar limit keep on spreading then the sea gradually expands in width, a procedure called ocean bottom spreading. Mid-sea edges are portrayed by a break like valley at the dissimilar limit. This split like valley is brought about by the pressure pulling the plates separated, causing ordinary blaming to happen various occasions in the unique limit. It is these ordinary blames that are the cause and thusly the starting point of tremors at dissimilar limits. At the point when the pressure pulling separated the two plates turns out to be an excess of then the maritime covering will crack. This breaking is brought about by numerous typical deficiencies occurring as appeared in the graph. The ordinary deficiencies happen in light of the fact that the covering is been broadened. At the point when the strain turns out to be an excessive amount of the issues slip vertically. They move an enormous separation in a generally short space of time, this is the reason for the seismic tremors at different limits. Dissimilar limits for the most part happen on the ocean bottom and consequently the tremors that occur at these limits are dispersed along the limit. This implies the appropriations of seismic tremors at different limits are at shallow profundities, where the covering is been pulled separated. The seismic tremors occur at shallow profundities on the grounds that the ordinary blaming happens close to the ocean bottom, because of the strain. The typical issues are the reason for the seismic tremors at these dissimilar limits. The ocean bottom sees the most exceptional structural action on the planet, implying that at the destinations of mid-sea edges the recurrence of tremors is exceptionally high. A case of a mid-sea edge is the Mid-Atlantic edge, there the ocean bottom is spreading at a pace of about 3cm every year. The recurrence of tremors at a mid-sea edge will depend on how much pressure is occurring by then. The more pressure implies the more ocean bottom spreading, bringing about a higher recurrence of seismic tremors at a specific mid-sea edge. Four significant seas make up a large portion of the water on the planet, The Atlantic (north south), The Pacific, The Antarctic what's more, The Indian Ocean. Inside the bowls of these seas quakes can occur without been caused at Mid-sea edges, or a Subduction Zones. At the point when the earths covering is under tensional powers the outside will turn out to be a lot more slender than ordinary, in the event that there is no flaw. This implies the covering gets more vulnerable all things considered more slender than typical. This can happen to the maritime outside layer in the sea bowls, yet will just purpose a tremor with a problem area. A problem area is an irregular hot rising territory of the mantle that provisions the magma for volcanoes. In the event that simultaneously a problem area is straightforwardly beneath a diminished outside layer then the magma in the problem area may hold a lot of strain to be held by the more slender debilitated outside layer. If so then the magma can enter the lithosphere, what's more, in the end eject on a superficial level. The activity of the magma driving its far up can trigger seismic tremors as it gets through the outside layer. At the point when its gets through the outside at the ocean bed in the end a volcanic island will be shaped in the sea. Because of plate developments this can lead to the making of mid-plate chains of basaltic volcanic islands, for example Hawaii. The making of these islands around the world has occurred in different spots. Visit huge tremors don't occur along the Hawaiian chain, it is a basically an asesimic edge. In this manner the recurrence of seismic tremors caused in sea bowls by problem areas is very low. The circulations of these seismic tremors that do happen

Categorising a Quistclose Trust

Ordering a Quistclose Trust Imprint must see if the exchange among himself and Dave is to be viewed as an unadulterated credit or a Quistclose trust. [1] If it is the previous, the valuable enthusiasm for the assets goes to Inchester Football Club and Dave has his cure against the Club in the red, as would the Club’s other customary loan bosses. On the off chance that, anyway the exchange is to be viewed as a Quistclose trust, legitimate sentiment recommends that the valuable intrigue stays with Dave throughout,[2] and along these lines in case of a bombed trust reason, the trust reserves return to Dave on coming about trust. Imprint is exhorted that the  £5m credit got from Dave, ought to be appropriately arranged as a Quistclose trust. The main specialists administering Quistclose trusts are Barclays Bank v Quistclose Investments Ltd[3] and Twinsectra v Yardley.[4] The central realities in the two specialists are practically equivalent to this case and subsequently don't should be repeated. In Quistclose, Lord Wilberforce clarifies that since the credit â€Å"was made just in order to empower [the borrowers] to deliver a profit and for no other purpose†¦ the common goal of the loan specialist and the borrower â€Å"was that the entirety progressed ought not turn out to be a piece of the advantages of [the borrower] yet ought to be utilized solely for installment of the dividend.† Lord Wilberforce keeps up that ‘if, under any conditions, the reason couldn't be met, the cash was to be come back to the lender.’[5] Mark should take note of that Dave’s request that the cash be put in a different bank (paying little mind to it being in the Club’s name) infers his expectation that the cash was not to shape some portion of the Club’s general assets.[6] One exhorts Mark that Lord Wilberforce’s understanding applies to his case. Dave unmistakably forces conditions on the advance specifying that it is to be ‘used just to purchase Gary Sparrow.’ The word ‘only’ recommends that the advance was progressed ‘exclusively’ for this purpose.[7] Dave consequently has an evenhanded right in the assets to see that is applied for its essential assigned purpose.[8] subsequently, Mark, as Chairman of the club, is â€Å"not allowed to apply the cash for some other purpose† and the idea of this exchange â€Å"gives ascend to trustee commitments with respect to the borrower which a court of value will enforce.†[9] Dave has put his trust and trust in Mark to guarantee that the cash is appropriately applied,[10] and it would be unconscionable of Mark not to appropriately apply it. Since Mark has consented to the states of the advance, he is limited by them and owes a guardian commitment to Dave , to see that those conditions are met. Gary’s choice to sign with another Club implies that the reason for trust has been crushed and the cash ought to thusly be come back to Dave. The credit progressed to Mark is to be viewed as a Quistclose trust since, as featured by Oakley, â€Å"an aim that the cash ought to be isolated is †¦likely to lead the court to surmise that the gatherings planned to make a trust, regardless of whether that word was never really utilized by anyone.†[11] This reality, notwithstanding the conditions forced by Dave, nullifies any chance of the courts seeing the  £5m just like an unadulterated advance. As a business person, obviously Dave was not making a motion of altruism in propelling the advance, however a business choice. Definitively, except if Mark can figure out how to convince Gary to sign with Inchester Football Club, the  £5m must be come back to Dave. Imprint has truly announced a trust for Gary. To begin with, by pronouncing himself as trustee of the offers, the court will respect Mark has having done â€Å"everything which, as indicated by the idea of the property involved in the settlement, was important to be done so as to move the property and render the settlement authoritative upon him.†[12] Second, on account of Comiskey,[13] the court held that the testator’s course to his significant other, that his nieces ought to get an enthusiasm for his property was to be translated as a compulsory, not only an insignificant good commitment. The ‘substance’ and ‘effect’[14] of the words utilized, meant an aim on the testators’ part to make a different trust for his nieces. One must exhort that, Mark doesn't fall inside the ambit of this case. The substance and impact of Mark’s words were with the end goal that he proposed to make a trust for Gary whether or not or not he joined the club. The way that Mark made the trust affirmation before the Board of Directors proposes further that his offer was a certifiable one. Consequently, the court would view his words as being neither precatory[15] nor said in free conversation.[16] His fundamental aim may have been to delicately pressure Gary into marking with Inchester, by offering this expr ession before the executives, anyway one can't get away from the way that it was his aim for Gary to get the offers. His words ‘I trust that this gives you a valid justification to join the club,’ won't be viewed by the court as a fundamental essential or obligatory commitment with the end goal for Gary to get the offers, yet rather; an ethical commitment, which Gary could decide to respect or negligence. On account of Re Adams[17] the court held that the reason for the testator’s words was to simply to call to his widow’s consideration the good obligations[18], which had burdened his conscience and to make express his inspiration in making a flat out blessing to her.[19] The equivalent can be said of Mark’s statement to Gary. His words have brought about a flat out blessing to Gary, with the ‘hope’ or ‘confidence’ that it would urge Gary to join the club. In this way, despite the fact that Gary decided not to sign with Inchester, the trust stays legitimate. Third, Mark can't depend on the way that he has not isolated the offers to manifest an absence of conviction of topic and in this manner an inconstituted trust. As plainly settled in Hunter v Moss,[20] concerning a presentation of trust of character â€Å"the prerequisite of conviction of topic doesn't really involve isolation of the property which was to shape the topic of the trust.†[21] As long as the offers held by Mark are unclear from each other, they will be fit for fulfilling the trust without requirement for appointment. It must be recognized nonetheless, that if Mark’s shares are discernable from each other, the trust will fall flat for vulnerability of topic since, as conveniently induced by Sir Hobhouse on account of Mussoorie Bank Ltd v. Raynor, ‘uncertainty in the subject of the blessing has a reflex activity upon the past words and tosses questions upon the expectation of the departed benefactor, and appears to show that he was unable to have potent ially proposed his words†¦ to be imperative.’[22] Catalog Books A.J Oakley Parker and Mellows: The Modern Law of Trusts Ninth Edition (Sweet Maxwell 2008) G. Watt Trusts Fifth Edition (Oxford University Press 2005) N Stockwell and R Edwards Trusts and Equity Seventh Edition (Pearson Longman 2005) Cases Barclays Bank v Quistclose Investments Ltd [1970] AC 567 Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury [1905] AC 84 HL Tracker v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452 Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 25 Milroy v. Master (1862) 4 De G.F. J. 264 Mussoorie Bank Ltd v Raynor (1882) 7 App Cas 321 Paul v Constance [1977] 1 WLR 527 Re Adams and Kensington Vestry (1884) 27 Ch D394 Re Snowden [1979] 2 All ERM 172 Twinsectra v Yardley [2002] 2 AC 164 1 References [1] [1970] AC 567 [2] [2002] 2 AC 164 for each Lord Millett and A.J Oakley The Modern Law of Trusts (2008) p.322 [3] n.1 [4] n.2 [5] n.1 per Lord Wilberforce at 580 [6] N Stockwell and R Edwards, Trusts and Equity (2005) p.20 [7] n.1 per Lord Wilberforce at 580 [8] Ibid. [9] n.2 per Lord Millett at 184 [10] Ibid para. 99 [11] Oakley n.2 p.317 â€18 [12] Milroy v. Master (1862) 4 De G.F. J. 264 for each Turner L.J at 274â€275 [13] [1905] AC 84 HL [14] Paul v Constance [1977] 1 WLR 527 for every Scarman L.J [15] Ibid. [16] Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 25 [17] (1884) 27 Ch D394 [18] See Re Snowden [1979] 2 All ERM 172 [19] G. Watt Trusts (2005) at p.71 [20] [1994] 1 WLR 452 [21] Ibid per Dillon L.J [22] (1882) 7 App Cas 321 at 331

Quickly work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rapidly work - Essay Example Shoppers will in general accept that merchandise and ventures with notable brand names are far superior to the items whose names or brands are not notable. The way toward assessing or setting up if a given company’s brand name is notable by clients is known as Brand Equity (Aaker, 2009). In the event that one looks at the vehicle business, a few brands have been in the market since the creation of cars. A genuine case of such an organization is the Ford engine organization which notwithstanding development of numerous organizations, Ford has kept on encountering achievement particularly in the American market similarly because of its image name. Different organizations, for example, Toyota have been delivering less expensive and better vehicles, however in spite of this, Ford is among the most loved vehicle marks in the United State of America. There are different ways to deal with guarantee brand value in an organization. One of the methodologies is known as client based valu e brand approach. This methodology was created by Kevin Keller henceforth it is alluded to as Keller’s Brand Equity Model. The methodology is best comprehended by utilizing the graph beneath; The above chart rearranges the use of the client based brand value. In the initial step, the objective of the organization ought to be to make client mindfulness or notability. This implies the business foundation ought to guarantee that its image sticks out, and it very well may be handily perceived by its clients. The subsequent advance includes distinguishing and conveying what the company’s brand implies. This progression is additionally partitioned into two, which are execution and symbolism. Execution involves characterizing how well the company’s brand will satisfy buyer needs. Symbolism includes indicating how the business establishment’s items address the issues of the customer on a mental and social level. The third step includes purchasers reacting to the brand in two different ways. These are emotions and decisions. Customers will consistently make decisions about a company’s item dependent on predominance, quality, and believability. Shoppers will likewise react to a company’s brand dependent on how it affects them. The last advance in the client based model is reverberation, which is the most troublesome level to reach in brand value. This is the place purchasers will have a mental bond with the company’s brand. This typically takes numerous years for a company’s brand to accomplish this level. On the off chance that a business foundation achieves this stage, at that point brand value will be acknowledged in the company’s item. Taking everything into account, brand value has been significant throughout the years since it is accepted that a brand is among the high worth resources a business foundation can have. This is to be sure a reality that is polished in business sectors. Brand value is appli ed in demonstrating the degree to which buyers think about an item, and this goes far in drawing in steadfast clients and boosting deals. Question 2 Adaptive showcasing correspondence procedures are approaches in promoting that adjust to changes in different factors because of time. One of the main considerations that outcomes in the utilization of versatile procedures of correspondence is mechanical changes. Innovation changes have reformed a great deal in correspondence, yet in practically all divisions of the economy. Versatile promoting correspondence methodologies ensure that an organization is prepared for any adjustment in the correspondence segment of the

Essay Samples About Ones Best Personal Attributes

Essay Samples About One's Best Personal AttributesHave you ever heard of essay samples about one's best personal attributes? If not, that could be because the question is quite common. No matter what topic you are writing about, you will probably want to know whether or not the information you would like to include is available.This is a question that each individual has the option of preparing for. One could get the information they need from the schools they attend. They might also be able to find it through the Internet. Sometimes, the information will be directly from the textbooks.Even if you were able to get this information somewhere else, you would not be as certain of the information you would want to include. For one thing, this information may be very old. The textbooks may not have anything about this type of topic.Some people prefer to go with current information. They do not believe that a couple of decades is enough to fully understand the writing styles of our ancesto rs. This type of information is hard to find in schools. It is even harder to find online.You could write up your essay on everything that your are uniquely and thoroughly known for. It is possible that many of these characteristics are specific to you. So, you may not be able to write about something completely new that was not part of your personal attributes.Your entire family may be able to give you some of these personal attributes. If you have siblings or parents that are living, they might be able to help you with this. If you are a school teacher, the students who are in your class might be able to provide some information. Again, this can be difficult. If you know of any ideas for getting information on your personal attributes, you could use them to write the information you need. You may want to go with any of the ideas you can think of. But, before you go, you should get some ideas in the writing for your essay samples about one's best personal attributes. Once you have the idea, you could try writing it up.

The Beauty of Walt Whitmans When I Heard the Learnd...

The Beauty of Walt Whitmans When I Heard the Learnd Astronomer My father is an amateur astronomer. It is his passion, after he comes home from work at the office, to wait outside in the fields surrounding our house with his 10 LX200 F6.3 telescope until all hours of the morning, waiting for the perfect shot of galaxies like NGC 7479 or M16. The next evening at dinner, despite being awake for over thirty hours, he speaks non-stop about how he finally got the perfect shot after five hours of painstaking positioning, how the galaxy, the nebula, the distant moon or dying star existed, or how it was turning back into scattered atoms leaving only a purplish ring of dust to prove it was ever there. A few weeks ago, an article in the†¦show more content†¦Instead of asking How does it work? as is everyone else, he begins to ask What do we gain by knowing? And herein lies the beginning of the investigation Whitman undertakes through his poetry. The first four lines describe the experience the speaker had while in the lecture room. They don’t directly give away his feelings regarding what is going on around him; he leaves the reader to detect the attitude on his/her own. The first half could practically be construed as one long first line, since all four serve the same general purpose—that is, to subtly set the beginning tone while creating an adequate contrast with the last four lines of the poem. They seem to focus mainly on providing an accurate picture of the situation around the speaker, and are structurally more complex, providing a more straightforward description than the last four lines. Each line becomes progressively longer than the next, and the words Whitman chooses are rather flat and all quite literal in their meanings. This first half seems to be a forthright narrative describing his experience in the lecture hall. But delicate hints in the text itself insinuate his attitude toward the lectu re and audience. The most conspicuous trend is Whitman’s application of repetition. The repetition of the beginning word when creates a monotonous, listing style also employed in the next three lines illustrating stylistically andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mrs. Dalloway1298 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Whitman’s poem When I heard the Learn’d Astronomer shows a moment which captures the beauty of self-reliance and non-conformity. In the poem, the speaker listens to a lecturer who speaks about astronomy through calculations and measurements. Being sick and tired of the lecture, the speaker wanders off outside to see the stars for himself and becomes struck in awe of the physical beauty of the stars. He also regains peace within himself after finding a new outlet for understanding. This ideaRead MoreNature Vs Society : Society Vs. Society728 Words   |  3 Pagesboundaries created and truly be theirself in a free experience, which causes a person to live a life with their own w ill. Within the poems of Walt Whitman he discusses the significance between society vs nature. In the poem When I heard the Learnd Astronomer the poem approaches the idea of nature vs society in a specific manner. In the poem when the poet says â€Å"I wandered off by myself,† the poet is relating again to the idea of nature. In this he is describing that nature is not something that is confined

British Imperialism Essay - 1516 Words

British Imperialism In many respects, the Boer War resembles the struggle toward globalization a century later that Friedman describes in The Lexus and the Olive Tree. The British, with their more advanced industry and technology, attempted to pull the Boer Republics away from the Olive tree and into the new global economy, golden straightjacket and all. The British Empire had much at stake in the conflict, and eventually achieved its main goals. It protected its holding at Cape Town, which was essential in order to control the southern trade route to India, and resisted the threats of increased European presence in South Africa as well as the threat of Afrikaner nationalism in Cape Colony and in the Boer Republics that bordered†¦show more content†¦The long term results are best explained by acknowledging the persistence of the Olive Tree mentality among Boers, particularly with respect to racial attitudes. Boer farmers (the turtles, to use Friedman’s terminology) resisted industrialization and globalization via invasion by foreign interests almost as fiercely as they resisted their tangible assailant, the British army. Realizing that it would be best for their nation’s economy if they produced certain goods rather than importing them, the Transvaal Republic under Kruger supported and granted monopoly rights to the alcohol and glassworks industries. High-tech industries that were owned and run by international capitalists were another matter. Boers resented the expansion of mines that drew their African labor force into cities, where the Africans could earn their own money and learn about the world outside of provincial farms. While the factories might give the Boers financial opportunities, such as the ability for a young woman to earn her dowry, the cities were places to be feared, especially by unlearned, unraveled Boer families. A son who went to Johannesburg migh t be caught up in immorality, might die during an epidemic, or might be persuaded by foreign ideas or by his educational opportunities not to return home to the farm. Though BoersShow MoreRelatedBritish Imperialism1497 Words   |  6 Pagesemergence and rule of British imperialism. What were some of the key ideas and visualizations that geographers portrayed to their empires, to understand and perceive the world and places in a more complete sense? Firstly, I am looking to go over the history of British imperialism and what constituted their great success. Secondly, I will be referring to the support and importance that the Royal Geographic Society served to the empire and how they attempted to conceptualize imperialism and rule over nationsRead MoreEssay On British Imperialism1198 Words   |  5 PagesConsolidating the British Empire: The British Empire was an empire on which the sun never set. Lasting for over three hundred years, Britain became the global hegemonic power of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From the wilds of Australia, to the fertile lands of Africa, the British Empire ruled over a quarter of the world’s population. With the empire ever expanding, visual and material culture became relied upon to help consolidate the empire. Overall, whether an advertisement for soapRead MoreBritish Imperialism1137 Words   |  5 PagesAdam Dees Dr. Herman WOH1030 2 April 2015 Impact of British Imperialism In the late 1800’s, European nations only controlled about 10 percent of the continent of Africa, France to the north and Britain to the south (Edgar, 2008). As time goes by, other countries gain conquests, mostly in western areas of Africa. This essay will go over a few key points in history that led to the Age of Imperialism and the British colonization of Southern Africa. The essay will also identify key players inRead More British Imperialism in India and China Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesBritish Imperialism in India and China Imperialism is the domination of a weaker country by a stronger country. For instance Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Imperialism has had both a positive and negative effects on the countries involved. Britain was imperialistic for many reasons, it could dominate because it had the technology and power to do so. They also needed land to acquire raw materials for growing markets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One countryRead MoreNineteenth-Century British Imperialism Essay544 Words   |  3 Pages Were Economic Factors Primarily Responsible for Nineteenth-Century British Imperialism?nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In society today the almighty dollar is what motivates most people’s actions. However, there are other reasons that can promote a change within a system such as morals, religious beliefs, values, and ethics. During the nineteenth century, society was not much different from that of the present day as the economy remains one of the most important partsRead MoreBritish Empire: What is Imperialism? Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesImperialism is defined as relationships that are unequal between two humans or territories. This is usually based on concepts of authority and the articulation of dominance over a particular territory. It comprises of the extension of control and regulation of one state over another nation. The British has been known to be a colonial power that has always practiced dominance over many states particularly in Africa. The British Empire is seen as one of the largest empires in both the past and currentRead MoreBritish Imperialism In India1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe impact of British colonial conquest on India’s economy while lightly touch on the pre-colonial economic conditions as well. Colonialism refers to a process of control and domination where one country dominates the other. It is the control on the social, economic, and political policies of the colony countries (Emerson, 1969). Many European countries starting colonising other nations in order to gain raw materials, wealth, power and to spread their mission of civilization. The British controlledRead MoreBritish Imperialism in India Essay706 Words   |  3 Pagesgreatest human blessing - peace.† (Dutt). Merely coming to India in the 1600s to trade, the British East India Company established trading outposts. After ridding of French influence in India during the Seven Years’ War and having Indians mutiny against British rule, Britain gained full control of India. India has been under the imperialist control of the British until their independence in 1947. British imperialism caused some negative effects on India through poverty and persecution, but retained moreRead MoreImpact of British Imperialism on Malaya1320 Words   |  6 PagesCommonwealth countries, which means Malaysia was one of the British colonies. Malaysia was under British powers for approximately 446 years (from 1511 until 1957) The Portuguese, Dutch, British, Japanese even Siamese had colonized Malaya before. 1. Portuguese: 1511-1641 2. Dutch: 1641-1824 3. British: 1824-1942, 1945-1957 4. Siamese: 1821-1909 5. Japanese: 1942-1945 The British first came in the late 1700s. In the late 18th century, the British East India Company traded in and partially controlledRead MoreMotives for British Imperialism in Africa5664 Words   |  23 PagesMotives for British Imperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions

Why Mandeville Matters free essay sample

It is a mark of great philosophers that they cannot be rebutted simply by the discovery of errors, however egregious, in the theories they espouse (Helmsman, 57). A figure from the past, no matter how major was, if it is recalled, only in footnotes, should have been at the center of discussion, or rebutted by different opponents at his time. This was also the story of Bernard Mandible. He was the author who became more famous from the critics about his book The fable of the Bees, than from his overall achievement as a writer.His book went through a process of various editions ND was published under different names, until it was finally titled The fable of the Bees. The introduction of the book consists of an allegory that describes a hive, similar to a real state which is shaped by the existence of different attitudes such as ambition, dishonesty, selfishness and pride which Mandible calls vices. According to Laurence Dickey in the essay Pride, hypocrisy and civility in Mandibles social and historical theory, the purpose of The fable of the Bees was to bring back the idea of the moralists and French Jansenism about self-love.By doing this Mandible would be able to explain the theory that development comes as a result of the impact that selfish actions (without any constrain from moral forces) have on the whole society and economy. His idea caused an immediate and strong reaction among the contemporary moralists of the time. Moreover, the Grand Jury accused Mandible for public nuisance since the book he wrote emphasized the useful and positive effect of vice in the society. All his enemies and other people who felt threatened by Mandibles ideas accused him of writing against the institutions and morality of the society.As Philip Hart put it: If hey recognized any personal reflections in his satire touching their own lives, they managed to disguise their resentment in the mann er in which Mandible complained. In fact, there were two major reasons why The Fable of the Bees was so criticized and considered as paradoxical in the development of ideas. First of all, the atmosphere of the eighteen century and especially in 1714 had much of impact in the acceptance of ideas embedded in The Fable.By the time the final edition of the book was published, it was a period of agitation between the prophecies of Marooned represented by elisions groups and the Deist rationalism. Eventually, the publication of The Fable of the Bees made their juxtaposing more complex as Mandible presented his almost unacceptable ideas to the society of that time. Furthermore, Mandibles literary style made it complicated for most of the people to understand his point of view.It was not a result of a lack of clarity in writing, as it was especially due to the use of such a paradox private vices, public benefit that classified the book as controversial. Moreover, the interconnection between social, ethical, political and economic issues in the kook made it more complicated, so there was a need for educated readers that had enough background to understand the text. However, those who had the background to understand it were completely against the ideology of the Mandible as their own interests were attacked. For people like priests, doctors or layers it was impossible to accept that vices were a useful element in the society, while they all in their manners preached for a clean and moral society. Although Mandible texts and his ideas were rejected by the contemporary moralists of that time, he takes credit for the contribution dad mainly in ethics and economics. Actually, the ethical dimension unfolded in The Fable of the Bees is narrowly focused on individual morality and its impact on the general society. The thesis of the entire book private vices, public benefits reflects the main paradox about The Fable.F. B. Kay in his book Bernard Mandible, The Fable of the Bees or Private Vices, Public Benefits suggests that these two elements should be considered separately first. Mandible did not suggest the encouragement of vices; he was in favor of transforming some vices into public benefits. Secondly, not all vices undistributed to the public benefit, but actually was the inverse: public benefit was based on vicious actions. As Mandible himself described it: Millions endeavoring to supply Each others Lust and Vanity .THUS every Part was full of Vice, Yet the whole Mass a Paradise; (Mandible) However, Mandibles paradox contributed to the significant change in ethical and social approach. Since he believed that right was independent of its consequences, he must have believed that the lie would remain vicious in spite of all the good it would do the State. Eventually, in this case, he must believe that private vice serves the public benefit. Actually, experience has shown that circumstances might change the situation and people fall In Mandibles paradox.The economic science studies the choices made by individuals on how to allocate resources so that a larger, quantitatively and qualitatively, amount of satisfaction comes back in return. Economics does also study the choices made by firms, institutions, governments, etc. But since these choices are also made by other people and most importantly based on the individualistic choices mentioned above then it can be said that economics studies the human behavior. It studies that part of human behavior which deals with the well-being of an individual or a group of individuals.Even literally economics, which comes from the Greek word kimono, means the administration of the household. According to all the modern economist economics is built upon two axioms/observations which are: 1) The minimization of profit. Individuals and any organism made from or made for serving the individuals wants to maximize the profits coming out of the use of their resources. 2) The primary and the only concern of the individual is to promote his self-interest. An important issue Of economics is the role of the government.These two seminal points in the modern economic literature were mainly credited to Adam Smith who wrote in his book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, in 1776: Every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it He intends only his own gain (Adam Smith, 264) Generally because of the ideas expressed in these lines Smith, among economists is now known as the father of economics.But he was not the first to talk about the above mentioned points. More than half a century earlier Bernard Mandible presented us with these important ideas in his book The Fable of the Bees or Private Vices Public Benefits. In the Fable Mandible maintains, and maintains explicitly, the theory at present known as the laissez-fairer theory. The Fable of the Bees, I believe, was one of the chief literary sources of the doctrine of laissez-fairer. The greatest impact of Mandibles work was most probably on the field of economics.One of his contributions into this field was for instance the concept of the division of labor about which Mandible talked in The Fable f the BeesBut if one will wholly apply himself to the making of bows and arrows, whilst another provides food, a third builds huts, a fourth makes garments, and a fifth utensils, they not onl y become useful to one another, but the callings and employments themselves will in the same number of years receive much greater improvements, than if all had been promiscuously followed by every one of the five. Adam Smith, known as the father of economics, himself gave credit to Mandible by making use of this point at the Wealth of Nations and making it one of the underpinning principles of odder economics. This of course is little compared to the contributions of Mandible to the economic science. Mandible was the first to really argue about two important principles of modern economics which are minimization of profit and self-interest.The minimization of profit exactly means that individuals and any organism made from or made for serving the individuals wants to maximize the profits coming out of the use of their resources. Smith also used this concept in his book of 1 776 An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations where he writes Every individual necessarily aborts to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can (Adam Smith, 264). Smith also used the self-interest principle.Combining them together he gave us the formalized concept of laissez fairer. Laissez fairer is the theory which promotes the minimum possible intervention of government in commerce and the economic activity. Here Smith introduced the concept of invisible hand. Kay also thought that Mandibles work was essential for the development of laissez fairer doctrine. He argues that without Mandrill?s work Smith probably wouldnt have written about laissez fairer at all.

Education Action Plan

Introduction Education is one of the most important economic aspects that should be taken into account in order to improve the living standards of a particular economy. To achieve this, it is paramount for educational institutions to be very effective. Most educational institutions are aimed at instilling sufficient knowledge to students so that they can succeed in life. To attain this, there are a number of aspects which learning institutions should take into account.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Education Action Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of these entails setting and following a curriculum. The curriculum enables the learning institutions to evaluate the progress of the students. Additionally, every learning institution should have sufficient resources such as books and other learning materials so as to enhance improve the students’ performance. However, one of the factors limi ting my schools ability to attain its objective is related with the fact that it does not have a curriculum. This makes it difficult to assess the actual progress of the students. Additionally, the school does not have adequate resources such as proper classroom materials, workbooks and materials for other activities to support the students in their learning process. This paper details the action plan that will be undertaken to deal with the identified needs. Implementation of the action plan Developing the school curriculum It is relatively difficult to improve the performance of the students without following a set curriculum. Curriculums are very important in the operation of learning institutions. This arises from the fact that their operation should contribute towards improvement of different stakeholders who include the students, environment and the community. Therefore, schools have a responsibility of improving the students’ value systems, attitudes and their thinking capacity. Currently, the school does not have a curriculum. This limits its ability in inculcating knowledge to the students. In order to deal with this challenge, a school-based curriculum will be designed. The curriculum will clearly outline the selected content that will be considered in the learning process. It will also outline the expected learning experiences aimed at changing the students’ behavior. A team composed of six individuals will be developed to develop the curriculum that the school will use. To ensure that the school curriculum is effective, the team will take into account a number of components. Some of these are outlined below. National goals- In designing the curriculum, the school will liaise with curriculum developers within the Ministry of Education. This will aid in ensuring that national goals of education are taken into consideration. Officials from the Ministry of Education will instruct the team on the national goals that must be incorporated in the curriculum.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The education system of a particular country is influenced by the country’s political environment. As a result, it is paramount to ensure that the national identity of the country is taken into account. Additionally, the Ministry of Education will provide the curriculum development team with a list of options with regard to subjects that the school should incorporate in the curriculum. This will serve in ensuring that the subjects considered are those that contribute to the students’ success in their future careers. The learner-The team charged with the responsibility of developing the curriculum will also take into account the students’ physical, emotional and mental needs. The justification is that students have diverse learning ability in accordance with their level of study. Complexity of the learning p rocess increases with the student’s level. Therefore, it is important to take into account the learner. Resource availability and the school environment- In process of selecting what to include in the curriculum, the school will evaluate the resources it has. This will safeguard against incorporating subjects which it might not have the necessary resources. The school environment also plays an important role in the designing of the school curriculum. Consideration of the school environment will aid in the determination of how the environment can best be exploited in order to enhance the student’s learning process. Actions taken to ensure that the school has adequate learning resources To improve the students’ performance, the school administration will ensure that adequate resources are supplied to the students. One of the ways through which this will be attained is by establishing a library. In order to cut the cost of building a library, the school will renova te and modify one of its buildings to meet the standards of a modern library. To achieve this, the school administration will seek the support of various parties. This decision is justified by the fact that establishing the library will be a huge capital investment. As a result, a substantial amount of finances will be required. To ensure that the school does not experience financial constraints that may limit its daily operational efficiency, the school through the Board of Governors and the Parents Teachers Association will organize a fundraising ceremony. Some of the parties from whom the school will seek assistance include the parents, the business community, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) and the government. One of the factors that will motivate the business community to participate in the fundraising to establish the library is associated with the fact that businesses have a social responsibility in their operation. For example, by participating in the event, th e business community will improve their public image.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Education Action Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to providing the necessary finances to establish the library, these parties will also provide other forms of assistance. For example, some of the participants who will be contacted include companies that specialize in publishing books. These companies will assist by supplying some of the books that are incorporated in the school curriculum. In an effort to ensure that the school library is well equipped, the school will also seek donor funding from various stakeholders to aid in the stocking of the library. In the process of establishing the library, the school will also outsource the services of architectures who are experienced in designing modern libraries. The architects will ensure that the interiors of the library are designed to meet the needs of the various users. For example, they will ensure that the library has the capacity to hold learning resources of all disciplines. Additionally, they will also ensure that the library is sensitive to the physically challenged students. Such considerations will ensure that the library meets the intended purpose. Other participants in the establishment of the library include companies that specialize in Information Communication Technology. These companies will aid in the automation of the libraries operation thus making it possible for the librarians to serve the students more effectively and efficiently. Additionally, the ICT companies will aid in the implementation of a reliable security system. Despite the fact that establishment of the library will be aimed at ensuring that the students access the necessary resources, the issue of security cannot be overlooked. Jurkowski (2010, p.139) asserts that loss of library resources such as books and other reading materials has been a majo r concern for many libraries. However, emergence of technology has made it easier for schools to secure their libraries. The ICT companies will aid in the installation of an electromagnetic system. The system will entail embedding a minute metallic strip on books and other learning materials such as magazines, CDs and DVDs. The electromagnetic system will be connected to an alarm system. This will aid in deterring students from taking the resources out of the library without the necessary authorization. The resultant effect is that the resources of the library will be preserved. The library will play a vital role in the provision of information that will aid the students’ succeed in an environment characterized by a high rate of social and economic dynamics. Additionally, the teachers will also have an opportunity to access reading materials that they can use to supplement the curriculum.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The school will also seek the support of various organizations that support education. Some of the organizations that the firm will seek include those that deal in the provision of classroom instruction materials for various subjects. Examples of such materials include projection equipments. These equipments will make it easier for both teachers and students to make projections in class. The ultimate effect is that the performance of the students will be greatly improved. Previous studies conducted reveal that there is an increased use of various curriculum materials by teachers in their work. This has played a critical role in the improvement of student performance. Assessment/ evaluation system- Every learning institution should be committed at ensuring that it instills sufficient knowledge to students. To attain this, it is critical for a well designed curriculum evaluation system to be incorporated. Glatthorn and Jailall (2008, p. 163) are of the opinion that comprehensive evalu ation of the curriculum should be conducted throughout its development. Failure to do this may result lead to lack of seriousness for both the students and the instructors. In line with this, the school will develop an evaluation system that will be used in the determination of whether the curriculum contributes to improvement of the student’s performance. The evaluation system will be developed by the school head in collaboration with the teachers. Different forms of evaluation will be conducted. The evaluation system will entail conducting assessments on the various subjects. The evaluation will also assess whether the curriculum enhances the students’ thinking and reasoning capacity, recalling and inference to deal with real-world problems in a realistic manner. The evaluation system will also be used in the determination of whether the curriculum imparts sufficient practical knowledge on the various subjects taught. With regard to this, some of the aspects that wil l be taken into account include the students’ collaboration ability, teamwork and their moral character. To attain this, the school will ensure that the students understand the intended learning objectives so that they can concentrate towards achieving them. One of the assessment tools that will be integrated in the curriculum entails use of standardized tests. From the onset, the school will ensure that the students have a comprehensive understanding of what is expected of them. The teachers will outline the learning intentions, their relevance, rules, standards and penalties associated with assessment (Good Brophy, 2008). Despite the fact that standardized tests have certain limitations such as being inaccurate and biased, the tests will be incorporated in evaluating the curriculum for a number of reasons. Firstly, the tests will aid in the assessment of the students’ performance by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the student. For example, it will be pos sible to identify students experiencing learning disability and retardation (Farrell, 2003, p.54). Undertaking such tests will aid in the improvement of the school’s learning environment. This means that the school will be transformed into an all inclusive learning environment that accommodates all the students. Through these tests, it will be possible for the school to enroll students in the appropriate instructional programs that will lead to improvement of their performance. Through these tests it will be possible for the teachers to identify areas of improvement. By evaluating the action plan, it will be possible for the school to ensure that it Timeline for implementation It is the school’s objective for the students’ academic performance to be improved within the shortest time possible. As a result, it will be ensured that adequate learning resources are in place within the shortest time possible. A timeline within which the action plan will be implemented has been formulated. The gnatt chart below illustrates the various activities that will be conducted in ensuring that the resources are availed and the duration they are expected to take. Instructional resources Instructional resources are some of the most critical considerations that will be taken into account in an effort to improve the student’s performance. Instructional resources enhance the teachers’ effectiveness in their teaching process in addition to improving the students’ understanding of the subjects being taught (Paris, 2008, p. 60). The school will ensure that it selects instructional resources that are in line with the expected learning outcome. It will also be ensured that the instructional resources motivate the students in addition to presenting them with a unique learning experience in accordance with the lessons goals and objectives. For the school’s curriculum to deliver optimal results, different types of instructional resources w ill be taken into account. Some of the resources that will be taken into account include the school personnel, parents and industry participants, institutions of higher learning such as universities, business people, community agencies and advisory groups. These parties will play a critical role in motivating the students. Instructional resources will also include tangible resources such as teaching equipments, furniture, classroom materials and technology. The school administration will also allocate sufficient resources for staff development. In an effort to ensure sufficient instructional resources, the school’s administrators will liaise with the publishers. In addition to workbooks and textbooks, publishers also assist schools with other instructional materials such as charts, learning kits, videos, and games. The school will also consider the internet as an instructional resource. Some websites act as instructional resources by supplementing information outlined in the school’s curriculum. Instructional technology The school is committed towards improving the performance of all its students. To attain this, effective instructional technology will be integrated. Some of the technologies that will be considered include computers, videos and visual tools such as projectors, audio recording systems and teaching boards. Other forms of technology that will be integrated in the learning process include gaming, social networking and simulation. A technology such as simulation will contribute towards improvement in the student’s thinking and problem solving. To increase the students’ accessibility to information, the school will ensure that the computers are connected to the internet. Comprehensive training on how to use the technologies implemented will be conducted. This will aid in maximizing their utilizing. Parent and community involvement strategies The success of the students is dependent on the involvement of both the parents a nd the community. Previous studies conducted reveal that involvement of the parents and teachers influence the performance of students in a number of ways. Some of these include reduction in the rate of dropouts and increasing school attendances. To increase their involvement, the school will incorporate a number of strategies. Some of these strategies include liaising with the community leaders, improving the degree of relationship between the parents and the community and developing trust. Additionally, the school will also identify possible barriers such as communication barriers and culture that may limit the parents and community involvement. The school will ensure that the teachers are conversant of the prevailing cultural differences and how they impact education. This will aid in the formulation of strategies to deal with the challenges experienced. How to deal with possible challenges that may impede implementation of the action plan The issues of deviation with regard to i mplementation of action plan cannot be overlooked. Such deviations may result in failure of the action plan achieving the intended purpose. To prevent this, a number of measures will be incorporated. Firstly, to ensure that an effective curriculum is implemented, the school will conduct a continuous evaluation of the curriculum to determine its effectiveness and relevance. The school will also conduct continuous monitoring of the curriculum. To identify possible gaps within the curriculum, a comprehensive audit will be conducted by officials from the Ministry of Education. The officers will also aid in evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum evaluation system. The school will also incorporate a strict timeframe within which implementation of the action plan should be conducted. This will aid in ensuring that the students start to accrue the benefits of the action plan within the shortest time possible. Implementing instructional technology within the school may not result in attainment of the desired objective if proper training on how to utilize the technology is not conducted on both the teachers and students. As a result, the school will formulate a training program to aid in maximization of the technology implemented. The school will also ensure that it motivates the teachers to adhere to the school curriculum in addition to using the various instructional technologies. It will also be ensured that instructional resources are improved. The ultimate effect is that these measures will lead in the school being effective in imparting knowledge that will enable the students to succeed. Reference List Edutopia. (2012). How to teach with project based learning: A professional  development guide. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/ Farrell, M. (2003). Understanding special educational needs: a guide for student  teachers. New York: Routledge. Glatthorn, A. Jailall, J. (2008). The principal as curriculum leader: Shaping  what is taught and teste d. London: Sage. Good, T., Brophy, J. (2008). Looking in classrooms. San Francisco: Allyn and Bacon. Jurkowski, O. (2010). Technology and the school library: A comprehensive guide  for media and other educators. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. Paris, J. (2008). Cliffnotes praxis II: Educational leadership. New York: Wiley. This research paper on Education Action Plan was written and submitted by user Danny Garrett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

India Compare & Contrast essays

China/India Compare & Contrast essays The Difference Between Classical China and Classical India Classical China and Classical India were truly great civilizations known for their contributions to modern China and India. Yet as the two developed, they showed uniqueness. Some of the qualities shown were alike, and others were not as comparable. The religions produced in China and India were very unique. In China, rather than developing full-fledged religions, they created more philosophical beliefs. Confucianism, the first and most popular of the philosophies, embraced moral virtues and values. For example, it taught to respect ones leaders, and for the leaders in return to be just and moral in their leadership. Confucius, the creator of Confucianism, believed that if the leaders set a good example, his people would follow it. It also stressed to delight in knowledge, delight in learning, to be polite, and to have good manners. Its teachings were recorded in the Analects. Daoism is another Chinese religion. Daoism, created by Lao-zi, was slightly more spiritual. It embraced natures harmony and mystery and had an entirely different set of ethics. Instead of harmony with your fellow man and government, the Daoist belief harmony with nature was more compatible with frugal living and humility. India, however, was a different story. Hinduism was the major religion in India. Hinduism, unlike Confucianism and Daoism, is a full-fledged religion. It has many gods of nature like Daoism, but each god also represents something more abstract. For example, the god of wind might also be the god that blows someone to the right path in his or her life. Dharma is something taught by the Hindus as a guide to living in the world and still be able to obtain a higher spiritual level of thought. Also, Hinduism is not as one sided when it comes to balancing politics and government with humanly affairs. Confucianism was mainly based on a harmonious government, and Daoi...

The use of emotions during communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The use of emotions during communication - Essay Example Moving on, it is important to comprehend here that emotion-usage is increasing with the interaction amongst people who hail from different cultural backgrounds and settings. This adds to the value of communication methodologies that are adopted amongst the individuals. Hence the need to have a proper mechanism of communication in place is apparent with the changing times because people feel the need to converse with each other and therefore make their point clear in a very lucid way. People use emotions in order to get their point across to a larger set of audience. This is because they feel that by using emotions, they would be able to make their voice apparent and hence their message would be taken more seriously. The element of genuineness and authenticity seems to be the main premise behind displaying emotions in any communication medium. What is even more important is the fact that communication becomes very complete and comprehensive when emotions are embedded in them. Furthermore, there is a need to decipher the exact role of emotions being at the helm of understanding the communication mechanisms within any interactive exercise. This suggests that those people who lack the proper usage of emotions within their peculiar styles of communicating with a large crowd are usually the ones who are taken in a non-serious way. Their genuineness seems to take a big blow just because they are unable to make use of their body language, their nonverbal cues, their usage of hands, body parts and so on (Lapin 2004). When people use emotions to make their point clear, the audience that is listening to them understands the need for the emotional usage which is indeed further boosting the spoken word within a speech. This speech is indeed important for communicating the message from the sender down to the receiver’s end. The use of emotions within any communication mechanism would indeed bring in the much needed sanity that one is looking for. If the speakers

Resulting trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Resulting trusts - Essay Example since there is no evidence that Joe retained a reversionary interest in the home.1 In Lohia v Lohia, it was established that by virtue of Section 60(3) of the Law of Property Act 1925, a resulting trust will no longer be inferred in the case of a voluntary conveyance.2 A declaration of trust can be created by word of mouth â€Å"or even inferred from conduct.†3 There were no words or conduct on Joe’s part that can be construed to represent an intention on his part to create a trust. The voluntary conveyance of the home will therefore be construed as an absolute gift to Jack which does not form a part of Joe’s estate and likewise Daisy will have no legitimate claim to it. The disposition of the shares in Dotcom plc to Eddie was a bare trust and as such will devolve with Joe’s estate. Eddie assumed the role of trustee and likewise treated Joe as the sole beneficiary of the trust during his lifetime. This is evidenced by Eddie leaving the share certificate with Joe and paying over dividends from the shares to Joe. Moreover, Eddie himself acknowledged that he was merely holding the shares upon trust for Joe. There is no escaping the conclusion that the manner in which the shares in Dotcom were purchased, held and treated was consistent with the requisite three certainties of a trust. These certainties are certainty of subject matter, intention as well as objects. The subject matter is the trust property, intention is words and conduct capable of defining the intent by the donor to create a trust and the objects are the intended beneficiaries.4 The presumption is that Daisy be the sole beneficiary of the shares in her role as heir to Joe’s estate. Joe’s gift to Jack for Emily’s medical problems appears to be a discretionary trust. However, the validity of this kind of discretionary trust can be challenged on the grounds that Joe’s words do not impose upon Jack a legally binding obligation. Rather, the words used most probably impose upon him

Judaism, Islam, Christianity Essay Example for Free

Judaism, Islam, Christianity Essay Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are all completely different religions from an outsider’s point of view. Yet, when you look at all three of them in depth, a person can find many of the same characteristics. From their origins to their life rituals, there are many differences and similarities between these three popular religions. Between the origins of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, there is much overlap. Judaism was started through the Patriarch and Matriarch of the faith, Abraham and Sarah. They bore a child together named Isaac, who Jewish people believe to be their ancestor. Jewish people call themselves Children of Israel, signifying their descent from Jacob. Also, Abraham had another son with a different woman. This son, Ishmael, is believed to be the ancestor of Islam. The origin of Christianity was from Jesus Christ, who they believe rose from the dead and is the Son of God. His followers, otherwise known as disciples, spread the religion after his death in 30 CE throughout the Roman Empire. It soon became the official religion in the empire with Emperor Constantine’s decision. It has so far spread worldwide and is the largest religion in the world with almost 2. 2 billion followers. The sacred writings of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have many similarities. Christianity and Judaism believe in the Old Testament, which in Judaist terms is the Tanakh. This consists of the Torah, the Neviim, and the Ketuvim. It tells of God making a covenant with people. They believe that Jesus is not the Son of God and that their saviour is still to come. Muslims follow the exact writings of the Qu’ran, which they believe their prophet Mohammed was told in a revelation from Allah. They also follow the Hadith and the Sunna, which are, in a way, different variations of Mohammad’s life and stories. They regard parts of the Old Testament and the Gospels as inspired, and believe the Qur’an to be a more final and complete copy. The places of worship between Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are quite different. People of Jewish faith observe the Sabbath and conduct their services in Synagogue or the Temple, Christians worship in churches, chapels, and cathedrals, and Muslims worship in Mosques. People of Jewish faith and Muslims do not allow statues in their worship places, stating that it takes away their attention from God and Allah and that it ruins their monotheistic belief. Roman Catholics do not worship statues or icons. In the Eastern Catholic churches, people viewed icons as a way to greater worship and they prayed to them for protection. In Judaism and Christianity, the Holy Land, being Israel, is considered a very sacred place due to the fact that Jesus was born there and lived there, and also because that was the land promised to Abraham. Rome is also considered a very sacred place to Christians because that is where the leader of their religion lives, otherwise known as the Pope. This is similar to Medina and Mecca in Islam due to the fact that their house of God, the Kaaba, is located there and is believed to be placed right underneath Heaven. The role of women between Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, although men and women are equal in the eyes of God, are similar. Traditional Judaism gives different roles for men and women. For example, Orthodox men and women worship separately. This is in comparison to Muslims, where the Qur’an treats men and women as equals. This is close to Christianity, where everyone is equal under God. This allows women and men to be equal. For example, both genders can attend worship at the same time in the same place. Unfortunately, women are oppressed in today’s Muslim society due to Sharia law, which they believe is the law of Allah. It often discriminates against women and strips them of their rights. For example, a women’s word does not count as much as a man’s. This is similar to Christianity where women can not become ordained priests and are not given equality within in the Church. Also, men and women worship separately in Islam, which shows similarities to Orthodox Judaism. The symbols of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are very much different. The Star of David is named after King David, who had a shield with a star on it. It has seven spaces, including the separate points and the centre. This number seven is very important within the Jewish faith due to the six days of creation including the seventh day of rest. The menorah, another sacred Jewish symbol, also represents the seven days of creation. It is referred to as the â€Å"tree of life† because it has seven branches. The Mezuzah is also another sacred object. It contains the Shema written on a parchment. The most sacred ritual object in the Jewish faith is the Torah Scroll. It is the centre of Jewish life because it is used to teach, and it has the Five Books of Moses inscribed in it. In comparison to Judaism, the symbols for Christianity are few. They regard bread as Jesus’ body, which they call the Eucharist. They also believe that wine is Jesus’ blood. They drink and eat these at masses in remembrance of the Last Supper and the sacrifice that Jesus gave to them to wash away their sins. They regard the cross as a symbol of the sacrifice as well. Ichthus, the symbol of a fish, is a symbol for Christianity. In Islam, the Tawhid is the concept of monotheism. It holds God as one and unique. The crescent star is widely used as a symbol on Islamic flags. When babies are born in Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, there are many rituals that they attend to. In Judaism, they believe in having the baby circumcised, which they call a Brit milah. Muslims also believe in having their sons circumcised. In Christianity, they believe in baptising the baby by a Priest to rid it of its original sin. In Islam, they believe in whispering the call to prayer in the baby’s right ear, making sure that it is the first sound they hear. Also, there is a naming ceremony where close friends and family gather to decide on the child’s name. Each of these rituals is different, leading to diversity between religions. During a marriage in Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, one must use different rituals to attend to the needs of their religion. In Judaism, the couple stands under a canopy where the Rabbi reads from the Torah. Also, the marriage becomes official when the partners give something of value to each other, such as rings. In Islam, many marriages are arranged and polygamy is allowed. They see marriages as a way to gain political advantage and to tie one family to another. This is not the case with Christianity. When you marry under God in a church, they do not permit divorces unless the circumstances are dire. You exchange rings as a sign of the vow you have given to the other person. Also, you are a couple under God and are expected to baptise your children. When it comes to death in Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, there are different ways to go about it. In Judaism, a shitting shiva takes place, where the family member mourns for a period of seven days. In Islam, the family member is quickly wrapped and buried. They are then pointed towards Mecca, which holds the sacred Kaaba. They also believe that the last words on your lips should be the Shahada. In Christianity, they hold a mass where families and friends can go to mourn as one. If lucky, you are blessed by a Priest, which relieves you of your sins. This is called Anointing of the Sins and Last Rites. The beliefs of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are quite similar. They each have a different take on past events. Christians, Muslims, and Jewish people believe in monotheism, stating that there is only one divine God. Muslims and Jewish people claim that Christians do not believe in one God, seeing as they think God exists in three different ways; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Christians call this the Trinity. In Judaism, they do not believe that Jesus rose from the dead, is the Son of God, or was born from the Virgin Mary. In Christianity, they believe in all of those points. In Islam, they believe that while Jesus was the Son of God and was born from the Virgin Mary, He did not die on the cross but was rather brought into heaven by God. People of Jewish faith think that Jesus was crucified due to this claim of being divine. Choosing to disregard the claim that Jesus is the saviour, they believe that their saviour will come one day and will unite the world and bring peace to humanity. Muslims believe that the Kaaba, a sacred cube located in Mecca, is God’s house and is located directly underneath heaven. They trust that the point to life is to live in a way that pleases Allah to gain a spot in Paradise, which is their heaven in the afterlife. The meaning of life for Christians, though, is to seek divine salvation through the grace of God and to become one with Him. People of Jewish faith believe life should be spent helping humanity and fellow neighbours. Christianity believes that every human has inherited â€Å"original sin† from Adam, meaning that people have a tendency towards evil. This is in comparison to Judaism and Islam who believe people are capable of both good and evil actions. In comparison to Christianity and Judaism, prayer rituals are taken very seriously in Islam. They believe in prayer five times a day: dawn, midday, afternoon, sunset, and evening, which is called the Salat. This is similar to Orthodox Judaism in which they pray in formal worship services three times a day; morning, afternoon, evening. They pray the Shema, which is the most important prayer in Judaism. Before prayer, Muslims wash up to their legs up to their knees and their arms up to their elbows to cleanse themselves. This is a bit similar to Christianity, which uses blessed holy water to pray with before entering mass. This blesses one’s self, recalls the baptism, and forgives sins. Each Islamic prayer is directed towards Mecca where the Kaaba is located, which they believe is loca ted directly under heaven. Women and men pray in parallel lines at separate times, and they pray on rugs to keep themselves clean. Also, there are certain guidelines that women and men need to follow in terms of what to wear to mosque. For example, a woman should not wear clothes that attract attention. In the European Christian Churches there are many dress codes one would need to follow. This is not the case in most Western Churches. The formalities have lessened and one can wear jeans to mass without causing uproar, which is much different from Islam. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are similar religions when it comes to beliefs. While they have diverse opinions and take place in countries all over the world, these well known religions are revered for their perseverance. All three are valid religions, which, through different takes on past events, have moulded into what they are today. For example, while Christianity and Islam choose to believe that Jesus will come again, Judaism chooses not to. This take on a past event has shaped Christianity and Judaism greatly. Also, Islam has a different view of women’s rights and placement in society in comparison to Judaism and Christianity. I think that while Islam and Christianity are completely opposite when it comes to rituals and strictness, they are very much similar in terms of beliefs. Although Judaism and Islam originated from the same family tree and Judaism and Christianity coincide on many events, such as their origins, I believe that Judaism is the most different of the three due to its views about Jesus. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are all completely different religions from an outsider’s point of view. Yet, when you look at all three of them in depth, a person can find many of the same characteristics.

Back To Chernobyl :: essays research papers

Many of the causes of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear reactors were from the lack of safety and the failure to follow safety features. This horrible incident shows us many lessons that should be learned. A few reasons for the Chernobyl power plant to rupture was due to the amount of control rods that were used. Where a minimum of 30 controls rods were required, only 6 to 8 control rods were used. The main reason that cause the core to actually ruptured was due to a sudden rise of the temperature in the reactor during the manual removal of control rods in a test which lead to the instability of the reactors. As the temperature rose, the core ruptured. A few reasons behind the Chernobyl nuclear power plants core to overheat were due to a few overlooked problems that were not taken care of. The Chernobyl Nuclear power plant used steam as a coolant, where water is a better coolant than steam for it also acts as a moderator, and second, it was found that the reactor’s emergenc y cooling system was disabled. These lack of actions lead to the catastrophic consequences at the Chernobyl power plant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were in the same position before the accident, I would’ve made sure that the minimum amount of control rods were being in used considering the dangers of the reactor and their radiation incase of a meltdown. I would also have made sure all the cooling systems and equipment were working properly. Lastly, I would’ve used water as the coolant agent, so as to keep the core cooler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In contrast to the reaction of the Soviets, I would’ve acted more quickly and expected the worst. I would’ve demanded an evacuation as soon as possible and in addition made sure I would have had a department working on plans for such an incident. Another aspect I would’ve looked at was to concentrate on how the weather would’ve effected the spread of the radiation and the carcinogenic material in the air. There are many aspects that were overlooked that lead to the deaths of many people and the illness of many people from the time for the incident to now, politically, economically, and socially.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict between the environmental pollution of coal plants and the possible threats of having a nuclear reactions is very controversial. The fact the coal itself when burned releases carcinogenic materials into the atmosphere is very apparent the it is dangerous, yet it has been present and is not always as detrimental to the areas that are a good distance away from the area of the plant.

Outline and Evaluate the Use of One Qualitative Method

Outline and evaluate the use of one qualitative method in the academic study of sport Denzin and Lincoln (2000a) believe that qualitative research is guided by 3 principles: assumptions, values and beliefs. These work against, alongside or within positivist and post-positivist models. Quantitative research is the use of numerical measurements and analysis that involves measurable ‘quantities’ by Gratton and Jones (2004). Quantitative data is collected through closed questions as it is in place to provide facts.While qualitative data, on the other hand, predominantly uses open styled questions to gain more information through follow up questions, extensive answers and debates. There are many differences between the two paradigms with the researcher being objective, and ‘detached’ from the subject under investigation within quantitative data said by Gratton and Jones (2004). Moreover, qualitative research is rather the opposite, with the researcher being in pl ace to gather more information from the participants in question.In addition to the previous, Morse, Swanson and Kuezel (2001) believe a quantitative research requires the researcher to carefully define variables that may be quantified with numbers. On the other hand, qualitative research is a more holistic perspective rather than a hypothesis confirmation. Berg and Latin (2008) believe qualitative research allows an open-ended and flexible approach to assessment. Within the qualitative paradigm there are several different data collection methods such as open questionnaires, interviews, observation, visual and textual analysis.I will be outlining and evaluating the use of interviews within the academic study of sport; this will be focused mainly on focus groups. Culver (2003) states that interviews are undoubtedly the most common method for collecting qualitative data within the study of sport. Pettigrew (1990) and Pettus (2001) also state ‘interviews offer a depth of informat ion that permits the detailed exploration of particular issues in a way not possible with other forms of data collection’.Within this type of research method there are 4 different types of interviews; structured, semi-structured, unstructured and focus group. Structured interviews are face-to-face (researcher & participant), consist of closed and pre-determined questions in addition to the structure being formal. Semi-structured interviews can be altered so that the participant(s) in question can ether clarify or elaborate on a particular topic/statement. The approach to data collection is flexible, with probes being used to gather additional information.Unstructured interviews have a set theme with the respondent leading the interview. The questions are developed throughout, as they are not pre-determined. These questions are open and flexible. A negative point to this interview structure is that there’s a chance the interview will lack focus. Focus groups lean toward s being semi-structured with a discussion thesis being used within an open environment; focus groups consist of more than one person. John Amis (2005) believes ‘focus groups allow members to challenge each other, develop positions of consensus, and build on each other’s ideas’.In addition to this previous statement, Gratton and Jones (2004) believe that this can become a negative point if the researcher doesn’t keep the participants on topic, stating that ‘participants may be tempted to provide false data to make an impression upon others in the group’. This can be potentially avoided if you use either a random, or stratified random sample which has a divided population. Furthermore these participants won’t know one another. Within focus groups there is a large quantity of strengths; participants are able to elaborate on the particular subject(s) especially when the researcher uses probes.In conjunction to this Yin (1994) notes that the interviewer ‘provides perceived casual inferences’ from the actor’s, rather than the researcher’s point of view. As a focus group is generally unstructured or semi-structured it enables participants to reveal certain insight into their attitudes and behaviours in addition to important themes and unexpected data to emerge, Gratton and Jones (2010). Focus groups are more flexible as you can also gain visual and vocal information; for example body language, laughter, silence or careful consideration, their tone of voice, or even simply what particular participants are saying.This can lead to the researcher probing as certain participants will be more passionate about certain themes/topics. Moreover you are able to gain a relationship with your participants, which can lead to them being more open and true to the information they give within the group. In conjunction with this, participants are informed that everything discussed is kept confidential, therefore this will relax and ease participants so they’re able to engage fully within the discussions. Interviews require more resources in comparison to questionnaires.This could be in terms of time consumption or travelling, as a consequence resulting samples can be small, Gratton and Jones (2010). Particular participants could take control of the interview therefore becoming dominant; researchers must then put particular probes into practice ensuring other group members get involved to gain a more diverse collection of data. On the other hand, participants could find focus group environments intimidating and/or off-putting; which can lead to the participant(s) in question feeling under pressure to agree with the dominant participant. Evalued[online]) Analysing data can also be difficult in addition to recording the interview. John Amis (2005) states that it is irrespective of the type of interview, that the way data is recorded should be established prior and it is standard proced ure to record the interview on audio tape. The researcher must also ensure that the data gathered is reliable. Gratton and Jones (2004) believe that this can be represented with the equation; ‘reliability = number of agreements/(number of agreements + disagreements)’.Psychological Qualities of Elite Adolescent Rugby Players is a research study extension on Holland and colleagues’ (2010) study into required psychological qualities of young talented rugby players, Woodcock et al (2011). Focus groups were completed following Kruger and Casey’s (2000) recommended size of 6 to 8 participants, ensuring that you don’t exceed 10. One group broke this guideline with 2 participants participating within SAS (Sports Administration Staff), which could hinder studied data with the chance of agreement being likely and information being limited.Stewart, Shamdasani, and Rook (2007) warn that fewer than eight participants can lead to a narrow discussion biased toward the views of a few individuals. Focus groups were held in familiar and comforting environments in addition to neutral locations for parents, which was in place to make participants feel more at ease. The focus group was semi-structured with the moderator using probes to gain a more in-depth insight into their views and beliefs. Furthermore the moderator gained a relationship with the participants on entry so that they’d feel comfortable along with this method aiding them to participate within group discussions.Through using focus groups Woodcock et al (2011) founded 5 new subgroups within the 11 higher order themes identified by young players in Holland et al, (2010). These 5 subthemes were: off pitch communication, reflection on their abilities in an objective manner, taking information and reproducing it as a physical action, dealing with injuries as well as attitude towards injuries and that players need to be problem solvers, able to adapt and overcome challenges.Parents and coaches supported development of individuals, not just in their rugby involvement but within other areas of life. Furthermore they discussed interactions that reinforced development within professional and performance environments. SAS highlighted within the study that the under-16 rugby programme was designed specifically to gradually challenge players and foster development of certain psychological qualities Woodcock et al (2011). This focus group helped gain further knowledge and insight within the psychological side of elite adolescent rugby players.Furthermore the ways in which parents, coaches and the SAS develop these players’ psychological in general day to day environments. A large majority of the research gathered corresponds Holland and colleagues (2010) study. Gender perception of Wrestling is a case study in place to gain research on whether or not wrestling is a sport primarily for male athletes. This focus group consist of eight participants from both gend ers (stratified random sample), which was also semi-structured.Sports managers and administrators for wrestling are presented with the opportunity to encourage women to take part. For this to take place sports managers and/or administrators need to understand how women perceive the sport. Pfister, (2010) and Ward, (2010) state that there is a growing number of women participating in sports with some women competing successfully in traditionally masculine sports. Data collected from the focus group was substantial, with views from each gender being different; this therefore made the study stand out more due to its hypothesis.The focus group underlined that they perceived wrestling to be more violent than other sports such as judo and taekwondo as self-defence wasn’t an explicit objective, Leng (2012). Participants also reviewed the physical attributes of a wrestler, as of this they clearly stated wrestling was a sport for athletes who possess more physical attributes. Moreover , participants didn’t regard wrestling as a sport favouring the participation of a particular gender.To conclude this case study qualitative data collected via participants within the focus group were views which outlined gender beliefs. It is clear to see that focus groups are irreplaceable when accumulating qualitative research data within the academic study of sport. Gibbs (1997) states that the purpose of focus group research is to draw upon respondents’ attitudes, feelings, beliefs, experiences and reactions. Focus groups gather a whole source of information that cannot be obtained without debates and different views.When structured correctly the researcher is able to gain rich data that he can then press forward to ether make changes or put different methods in practice. Focus groups are best used when gaining data on something meaningful to the participants and/or collecting data for something that affects a large majority of people. Something else gathered from this is that when the moderator/research gains a relationship with the participant it is easier to gain more in-depth information. Bibliography †¢ Andrews, D. L. , Mason, D.S. and Silk, M. L. (2005) Qualitative Data in Sports Studies. New York: Berg. †¢ Berg, K. E and Latin, R. W. (2008) Research Methods in Health, Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Research (3rd Edition). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. †¢ Gratton, C. and Jones, I. (2004) Research Methods of Sports Studies (1st Edition). London: Routledge. †¢ Gratton, C. and Jones, I (2006) Research Methods of Sports Studies (2nd Edition). Oxon: Routledge. †¢ Woodcock, C. , Holland, M. J. G. , Duda, J. L, and Cumming, J. 2011) Psychological Qualities of Elite Adolescent Rugby Players: Parents, Coaches, and Sport Administration Staff Perceptions and Supporting Roles. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 411-433. †¢ Leng, H. K. ; Kang, S. Y. ; Lim, C. ; Lit, J. J. ; Suhaimi, N. I. ; Umar, Y. (2012) Only For Males: Gendered Perception of Wrestling. Choregia, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p43. †¢ Gibbs, A. (1997) Social Research Update, Issue 19 [online]. Available: http://sru. soc. surrey. ac. uk/SRU19. html [8th November 2012] †¢ Evalued (2006) Focus Groups [online]. Available: http://www. evalued. bcu. ac. uk/tutorial/4b. htm [ 8th November 2012]

Native American Cultural Assessment the Cherokee

The word Cherokee comes from a Creek word Chelokee meaning people of a different speech. In their own language the Cherokee called themselves the Aniyunwiya or principal people or the Keetoowah, people of Kituhwa. The Cherokee are perhaps one of the most interesting of Native American Groups. Their life and culture are closely intertwined with early American settlers and the history of our own nation s struggle for freedom. In the interest of promoting tolerance and peace, and with regard to the United States government s handling of Native affairs, their story is one that is painful, stoic, and must not be forgotten. The Cherokee people were a large and powerful tribe. The Cherokees Macro-Siouan- Iroquoian language†¦show more content†¦These houses were built by the men and took quite a while to build. Construction began in early spring to get the boards from trees. When summer came around the men stopped with the houses and turned to planting crops. As fall arrived the men began to actually put the houses together. Often men from other towns came to help their fellow Cherokee. The Cherokee society was organized into clans, or kin groups. There were seven major Cherokee clans, each identified by a particular animal totem. A variety of clans was represented in each community and performed significant social, legal, and political functions. This seven-clan system distinguished the Cherokee from the many other Native American tribes. The number seven is found throughout Cherokee legends, beliefs, and customs including their seven-sided council house, and the seven Cherokee festivals. The seven-sided provided seven sections of seats within, giving each clan a section for its representatives within the governmental structure. The Cherokee clans are a matrilineal society. The home, family, children, inheritance, family ties, and clan membership are under the control and guidance of the women members. Traditionally, The husband served to supply meat and father the children. All Cherokee children belonged to their mother, and clan lineage is passed through the mother. Grooms were adopted into theShow MoreRelated Native American Cultural Assessment: The Cherokee Essay2962 Words   |  12 Pages The word Cherokee comes from a Creek word quot;Chelokeequot; meaning quot;people of a different speech.quot; In their own language the Cherokee called themselves the Aniyunwiya or quot;principal peoplequot; or the Keetoowah, quot;people of Kituhwa.quot; The Cherokee are perhaps one of the most interesting of Native American Groups. Their life and culture are closely intertwined with early American settlers and the history of our own nation’s struggle for freedom. In the interest of promotingRead MoreUnited States Women s Histories1579 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States Women s Histories AMH 2090 Final Project Essay Dana L. 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