Reproductive System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reproductive System - Assignment ExampleJulia had been working as a computer engineer in an information technology firm and she described her job as pretty successful. She had never been pregnant in her life. Her menses had started at the age of 12 years and had been pretty normal regarding frequency, duration and bleeding. She had become sexually active at the age of 19 years and had variably used diaphragms, condoms and oral contraceptive pills for contraception. She weighed normal for her height, was a non smoker and occasionally consumed alcohol on affable occasions. Apart from few episodes of urinary tract infection, last one 2 years back, her other aesculapian and surgical history was remarkable. Ross was an architect and content in his professional and personal life. He had no noteworthy medical, surgical or sexual history. He was physically very active and a non smoker. When they visited the infertility specialist, some(prenominal) of them were questioned regarding thei r medical and sexual history. They were educated regarding the physiology of gentility and the possible causes of their infertility. Regarding the female reproductive system, description of the organs of reproduction in female and the steps of oogenesis and menstrual cycle was explained Female reproductive system, oogenesis and menstrual cycle organs involved in reproduction in a female are ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina internally and international genitalia and mammary glands externally. Ovaries are small glands located on the sides of uterus. Germ cells in the ovary are referred to as ooogonia. At nearly 8 weeks of gestation, oogonia become primary oocytes by entering prophase of first meiotic element andundergo further change only before ovulation. A layer of granulosa cells surround this oocyte to form a native follicle. Out of all of the follicles, one follicle becomes dominant 5-7 long time aft(prenominal) menses (Knobil & Neill 2006). Due to hormonal actio n, light reflex is resumed and expulsion of the egg and follicular fluid occurs. This expulsion is called ovulation. Uterus is the organ where implantation of a fertilised egg occurs. Fertilisation itself occurs in the fallopian tube which connects ovary to the uterus. Cyclic shedding of the internal lining of the uterus called endometrium occurs every 28-30 long time in a process called menstruation. This cycle is regulated by a complex interaction of hormones produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries (Look, Heggenhougen & Quah 2011). Menstrual cycle has two parts follicular or proliferative phase and luteal or secretory phase. Follicular recruitment is caused by FSH. Estrogen causes LH surge for ovulation. These steps take situate during follicular phase which technically begins on the first day of menses and lasts for around 14 days (Carr & Wilson 1987). Figure 1. Female reproductive system (www.patients.co.uk 2012) Figure 2. Oogenesis and menstrual cycle (Carr & Wil son 1987) Corpus luteum remains after ovulation and is responsible for secretory phase of the endometrium. If fertilisation does not take place, it degenerates after 10-14 days and this leads to shedding of the endometrial lining and bleeding (Knobil & Neill 2006). Thus, the couple were explained about oogenesis and menstrual cycle with the aid of above illustrations. Only when these hormonal and tissue changes occur in tandem, fertilisation can take place. Any hormonal or ductless gland disorder such as that of hypothalamus, pit